Coronavirus and Pregnancy
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What Pregnant Women Need to Know about the Coronavirus
- Pregnant women do not appear to be more at risk for contracting coronavirus than the general population.
- The COVID-19 virus does not pass to the baby during the pregnancy.
- Pregnant women with suspected or confirmed coronavirus at the time of labor are being advised to be in an obstetric unit. A created birth plan with the OBGYN should be followed as closely as possible, but pre-term labor in a high percentage has been shown.
- No evidence that the coronavirus can be carried in the breast milk so the benefits of breastfeeding with a mask outweigh the potential risk of transmission.
- Pregnant women do not appear to be more at risk for contracting coronavirus than the general population.
- The COVID-19 virus does not pass to the baby during the pregnancy.
- Pregnant women with suspected or confirmed coronavirus at the time of labor are being advised to be in an obstetric unit and a created birth plan with the OBGYN should be followed as closely as possible, but pre-term labor in a high percentage has been shown.
- No evidence that the coronavirus can be carried in the breast milk so the benefits of breastfeeding with a mask outweigh the potential risk of transmission.
COVID-19 Vs. Something Else
Effects of Coronavirus Infection on Pregnant Women
You will experience both immunologic and physiological changes while pregnant. These changes make you more susceptible to viral respiratory infections such as COVID-19. But there is no scientific evidence that shows whether pregnancy makes you more susceptible to coronavirus as compared to the general population, but by nature of pregnancy you are already immune-compromised.
Coronavirus infection makes you experience fevers. A high fever during the first three months of your pregnancy may increase the risks of certain birth defects. Other adverse pregnancy outcomes that have been reported with SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV include miscarriage and stillbirth. With COVID-19, no adverse pregnancy outcomes have been reported.
Pregnancy Alters the Immune System
A pregnant woman’s immune system is at a heightened state between the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. In order to become pregnant the embryo must successfully implant by the mothers flooding the mother’s immune cells into the lining of the uterus (womb) which causes inflammation and makes it sticky so the fertilized egg will hold onto the wall. Organogenesis, a big word for the development of the babies vital organs, happens between the first 8 to 12 weeks of pregnancy.
The mother’s immune system after the next 15 weeks is repressed, or decreased, in order to allow the babies cells to grow and develop properly. A mom’s immune system has to relax because some of the babies cells have antigens from the dad and would be at risk for an attack by the mom if her immune system was running at full speed. The mom’s immune system kicks back into hyper-drive for delivery as the inflammatory response helps with labor and the more antibodies made by the mother, the more the baby receives via breast milk after they come into the world.
*Breastfeeding mothers, it is important to feed every 2 hours, because that is the length of time that the antibodies you provide after breastfeeding wear off.*
Transmission during Pregnancy or Delivery
Current studies show that pregnant mother’s do not transmit the COVID-19 during pregnancy or delivery. This is an area that needs more research. Some peer-reviewed literature from 18 relevant studies has shown that mother to child transmission of Coronavirus does not occur. Nineteen women with COVID-19 delivered 20 babies. Of these 19 women, 3 (16%) were asymptomatic (did not have symptoms), 1 (5%) admitted to the ICU, and no maternal death has been reported. Fifteen babies who were tested showed no evidence of vertical transmission (from mother to baby during the pregnancy or delivery) as the method of delivery was split 17 by caesarean and 2 by vaginal delivery. It is important to note that 42% of the women hospitalized with COVID-19 had pre-term delivery and only one neonatal death was recorded.[5]
No virus has been detected in amniotic fluid samples. So you will not pass the infection to your child while pregnant, during and after delivery. Inhaling respiratory droplets from a person infected with Coronavirus remains to be the main route of spread of this infection.
Although infants born to mothers positive to coronavirus during pregnancy may have poor outcomes like prematurity syndrome, it is not clear whether these outcomes are directly associated. Besides, the long term health effects on infants born to mothers positive to coronavirus infection have not been shown.
Transmission during Pregnancy or Delivery
Current studies show that pregnant mother’s do not transmit the COVID-19 during pregnancy or delivery. This is an area that needs more research. Some peer-reviewed literature from 18 relevant studies has shown that mother to child transmission of coronavirus does not occur. Nineteen women with COVID-19 delivered 20 babies of these 19 women, 3 (16%) were asymptomatic (did not have symptoms), 1 (5%) admitted to the ICU, and no maternal death has
been reported. Fifteen babies who were tested showed no evidence of vertical transmission (from mother to baby during the pregnancy or delivery) as the method of delivery was split 17 by caesarean and 2 by vaginal delivery. It is important to note that 42% of the women hospitalized with COVID-19 had pre-term delivery and only one neonatal death was recorded.[5] No virus has been detected in amniotic fluid samples. So you will not pass the infection to your child while pregnant, during and after delivery. Inhaling respiratory droplets from a person infected with coronavirus remains to be the main route of spread of this infection.
Although infants born to mothers positive to coronavirus during pregnancy may have poor outcomes like prematurity syndrome, it is not clear whether these outcomes are directly associated with coronavirus infection. Besides, the long term health effects on infants born to mothers positive to coronavirus infection have not been shown.
Transmission through Breast Milk
No viruses have been detected in the breast milk of mothers positive to coronavirus. It is therefore not possible to transmit the infection to your baby while breastfeeding. Human to human transmission of coronavirus is by close contact through respiratory droplets. If you are infected with coronavirus and you cough or sneeze while breastfeeding, you put your baby at a high risk of contracting the disease.
Important Recommendations For Pregnant Women
It is recommended that you take the precautions everyone is taking if you are pregnant. The flu vaccine is also necessary if pregnant. The vaccine will not protect you against coronavirus but will boost your immunity and reduce your chances of getting the flu.
If infected, always wear a mask while breastfeeding. Alternatively, express the milk to feed your baby. Remember, coronavirus has not been detected in breast milk hence there are very low chances of transmitting the virus through breast milk to your baby. If you and your baby test positive to the virus, you should be quarantined together rather than being separated.
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